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宝兴齿蟾

2017年02月10日 06:32
phylum:Chordata
门:脊索动物门
class:Amphibia
纲:两栖纲
order:Anura
目:无尾目
科名:Megophryidae
中文科名:角蟾科
属名:Oreolalax
种名:popei
中名:宝兴齿蟾
描述:形态 依据四川宝兴(64雄、17雌、卵及蝌蚪)标本。
成体:雄蟾体长65mm,雌蟾体长62mm左右,其他部位量度数据见表39。体略扁平,头长宽几相等吻圆略突出下唇,吻棱不显,鼻孔略近吻端鼓膜隐蔽颊部向外倾斜,颊面凹陷无犁骨齿舌后端缺刻显著咽鼓管孔小。
前肢长,前臂及手长超过体长之半指端球状、色浅,第一、第二指几乎等长,短于第四指关节下瘤不显,但第三、第四指有肤棱,内掌突大,卵圆形,外掌突略小。后肢细长,前伸贴体时胫跗关节达眼前角或眼中部,左、右跟部重叠趾端圆、色浅,趾侧微具缘膜或不显,趾基部具蹼迹或无蹼关节下瘤显著,其间有肤棱,内踉突卵圆形,无外蹠突。
皮肤粗糙头部及四肢背面疣小,背部及体侧有分散均匀的大疣粒。腹面皮肤光滑,腋腺及股后腺显著。雄蟾胸腺1对,其上有大的角质刺。
生活时背面褐黄或绿黄色,有排列较均匀的黑色圆斑上、下唇缘有深浅纵纹相间四肢背面黑色横纹多而细。腹面肉红色,满布灰褐色小花斑。液浸标本色深,斑纹醒目。
第二性征:雄蟾前臂粗壮,内侧2指背面有黑色婚刺胸腺1对,其间距较大,腺上有大而稀疏均匀的黑刺繁殖季节后,胸刺逐渐脱落无声囊,无雄性线。
卵:卵群块状,含卵约350粒,卵粒乳黄色,卵径3.0—3.5mm。
蝌蚪:小蝌蚪体黑色,尾部色浅大蝌蚪棕色,尾浅灰黄色,少数个体的尾上有小斑点,尾基部两侧色浅,体尾交界处无“U”形斑。蝌蚪体壮,第34—39期的蝌蚪,后肢长7—14.5mm,全长73mm,头体长73mm左右,其他部位量度数据见表40,尾肌发达,尾鳍起自第一肌节,尾末端钝圆。吻圆,口大,唇齿式一般为I∶5+5/5+5∶I,但各地者略有变异,比较同期的蝌蚪,四川宝兴、天全及峨眉山为I∶5+5/5+5∶I,少数I∶6+6/6+6∶I,彭县、茂县为I∶6+6/6+6∶I或I∶7+7/7+7∶I唇乳突仅上唇中央微缺,口角处副突较多,其上具小齿角质颌强。
蝌蚪口腔底部结构(图104: c):舌前乳突3对,其间无小乳突,第一、第二对呈手状,第三对呈分枝状舌原基长椭圆形,无舌乳突口腔底场呈卵圆形,每侧有乳突约12枚,排列呈弧形场内满布疱粒无口腔底场嵴口腔囊横椭圆形囊前和囊后有锥状小乳突和疱粒群腹愕帆长而宽,有骨针支持,有分泌窝。帆后中部有4对突起,中缺刻大,鳃篮呈横椭圆形,宽大于长每侧篮内有3个鳃室。
蝌蚪口腔顶部结构(图104: d):鼻前场侧缘有长乳突1—2枚,场中部有1—2枚短小乳突鼻前乳突1对,位于内鼻孔前壁缘中部鼻瓣突1对,位于后壁缘内侧1/3处鼻后场中部两侧各有乳突2枚,外侧者大且具疱粒内侧者小,呈单指状。中峙呈半圆形,边缘呈锯齿状侧嵴乳突*1对,呈手状口腔顶场乳突排列成倒“U”形,在前部的较短小,后半部乳突较长,每侧约有8枚,场内前部散有锥状小乳突,后部密布的疱粒延伸至腺体带顶场乳突外侧有小疱粒或锥状小乳突腺体带窄长,横过中部,分泌窝明显背腭帆中断,每侧内侧缘约有细小乳突13枚。
生物学资料 成蟾生活在海拔1000—2000m的山溪中,山溪窄而水流较急,两岸植被较繁茂。久晴后的阴雨夜间9—11时,成蟾多出现在沟内,一般身体蹲在水中只露出头部,或在沟边小草遮盖的泥凹中,少数个别匍匐在沟中石块上,行动迟缓,多爬行,很少跳跃,但白天极难发现。费梁等曾在1984年5月1日在峨眉山九老洞附近一条小山溪内的石块下发现大量成蟾,雄性胸部黑刺明显。1974年5月8日至5月26日刘承钊等在四川宝兴共获得80只成体,其中只有1只是白天在枯竹叶下的土缝中获得的。80只成蟾中所有雌蟾均已产卵,有的雄蟾婚刺及胸刺已开始脱落,并在同一环境中发现全长5mm左右的蝌蚪,说明成蟾的繁殖季节可能在4月左右。在四川宝兴县陇东各小山溪中均有不同发育时期的蝌蚪,蝌蚪多集中在急流水的回水凼内,底栖,受惊扰后急速潜入石缝。曾发现大蝌蚪咬食小蝌蚪的现象。

国内分布:地理分布四川(茂县、汶川、灌县、宝兴、天全、峨眉)。
资料来源:费梁 、胡淑琴、叶昌媛、黄永昭等, 2009. 中国动物志 两栖纲(中卷) 无尾目. 北京: 科学出版社
pdf下载地址:Oreolalax_popei.pdf
  • 物种名

    宝兴齿蟾

  • 拉丁名

    Oreolalax popei

  • 脊索动物门 Chordata

  • 两栖纲 Amphibia

  • 角蟾科 Megophryidae

  • 资源编码

    21131117133

  • 描述

    Scutiger popei, sp. nov. TYPE.—No. 227, Liu C illection; adult male, Lungtung, Pao-hsing(Mupin), Sikang; altitude 3400 feet; August 19, 1939; collected by H. W. Chang. DIAGNOSIS. —A distinct Scutiger apparently related to S. sikkimensis, but with the choanae very large; tongue large and deeply nicked behind; tibio- tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye; toes with rudimentary webs;round black warts more or less regularly scattered on the back, with. broen lines radiaring out from each wart and forming a net-work on the back; very well developed black bars on the limbs, on the two outer fingers and three toes; black spines on the first and second second fingers; chest glands elongated, widely separated from each other and strongly divergent posteriorly. DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.—Body moderately slender; head somewhat somewhat de-pressed; as long as broad; tongue broad, and deeply nicked; novomerine teeth; choanae very large; snout rounded, slightly projecting be-yond the mouth, and much longer than the length of the eye; canthus rostra-lis obtuse; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostrils nearer to the of the snout than to the anterior corner of the eye; interorbital space greater than internasal, and broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Arm strong, fingers slender and long, first and second about equal in length, but shorter and thicker than the third and fourth, the longest; nuptial spines number 11 on first and 8 on the second finger of the left hand, and respectively 10 to 5 on the right hand; tips of fingers rounded and lighter in color tubercles present; thickened skin between the subarticular tubercles, especially the two outer fingers; palmer tubercles large and prominent, a large inner one at the base of the first finger and a much smaller one opposite the base of the third. Hind limb slender and long, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond the eye; length of tibia 48.8 per cent of the body length; foot 49.2 per cent of the body length; toe slightly fringed with fudimentary webs. subarticular tubercles better debeloped than on the fingers, thickened rodges found between the subarticular tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, with a free edge; no outer metatarsal tubercle. Skin rough; small warts on the top and sides of the head,especially posterior to the angle of angle of the mouth, and on the dorsal sides of the limbs; larger round warts more or less regularly scattered on the back and the sides of the body; fine warts on inner anterior side of the arm, with a definite warty arwa on antero-ventral region at the base of the arm; two well developed chest glands, covered with fine spines, located on the thorax; the length of this gland is about 8 mm. and the beradth 4 mm.; founded axillary glands make contact with the posterio-lateral corners of the chest glands at the arm pit on each side; a large flattened gland, light at center and dark colored at periphery, on the mid-posterior aspect of each thegh; skin smooth on throat, belly and ventral sides of the legs.

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